Equivalent continuum strain calculations based on 3D particle kinematic measurements of sand          下载免费PDF全文

Siavash Amirrahmat  Khalid A. Alshibli  Maha F. Jarrar  Boning Zhang  Richard A. Regueiro 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(8):999-1015

Constitutive modeling of granular materials has been a subject of extensive research for many years. While the calculation of the Cauchy stress tensor using the discrete element method has been well established in the literature, the formulation and interpretation of the strain tensor are not as well documented. According to Bagi, 1 researchers mostly adopt well‐known continuum or discrete microstructural approaches to calculate strains within granular materials. However, neither of the 2 approaches can fully capture the behavior of granular materials. They are considered complementary to each other where each has its own strengths and limitations in solving granular‐mechanics problems. Zhang and Regueiro 2 proposed an equivalent continuum approach to calculating finite strain measures at the local level in granular materials subjected to large deformations. They used three‐dimensional discrete element method results to compare the proposed strains measures. This paper presents an experimental application of the Zhang and Regueiro 2 approach using three‐dimensional synchrotron microcomputed tomography images of a sheared Ottawa sand specimen. Invariant Eulerian finite strain measures were calculated for representative element volumes within the specimen. The spatial maps of Eulerian octahedral shear and volumetric strain were used to identify zones of intense shearing within the specimen and compared well with maps of incremental particle translation and rotation for the same specimen. The local Eulerian volumetric strain was compared to the global volumetric strains, which also can be considered as an averaging of all local Eulerian volumetric strains.  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地东南缘全新世气候不稳定性     

李想  苏志珠  马义娟  张彩霞  柳苗苗 《中国沙漠》2020,40(2):109-117

毛乌素沙地处于中国季风区的西北边缘,对气候变化敏感,是古气候演化和古环境变迁研究的理想场所。全新世气温回暖期,气候整体稳定但存在暖湿冷干的次级波动,不同类型沉积相组成的地层序列记录了全新世千年、百年尺度的气候不稳定性。对毛乌素沙地不同沉积序列的研究表明:(1)毛乌素沙地东南缘的沙漠/黄土边界带DLT、NB剖面粒度及Rb/Sr比值可作为气候变化的代用指标。>63 μm砂含量增加,Rb/Sr比值降低,揭示东亚冬季风增强,风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候干冷;反之,东亚夏季风增强,降水增多,风化成壤程度加大,气候暖湿。(2)毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠/黄土边界带及低洼沟谷区年代概率密度函数的分析显示,全新世早期~8\^5 ka BP风成砂堆积,风沙活动加剧,气候表现为干冷;全新世中期8\^5 ka~3\^0 ka BP地势较高处古土壤广泛发育,地势低洼处发育湖沼相/泥炭层,但在6.0 ka BP左右存在气候转冷过程;全新世晚期3\^0 ka BP以来气候波动频繁。(3)毛乌素沙地气候变化与北大西洋冰筏冷事件、董哥洞石笋、季风边缘区湖泊、东部沙地等记录具有可对比性和相对一致性,反映出全新世千年和百年尺度上的气候变化主要受全球变化的影响,这对预测和模拟未来气候变化具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

基于多源数据的主体功能区划分方法——以广州市为例     

罗伟玲  王艳阳  张恒 《热带地理》2020,40(1):110-118

以广州市为例,基于城市感知数据、遥感影像等多源数据,采用卷积神经网络对遥感影像进行了语义提取,将提取结果与兴趣点（Points of Interest）样方密度的功能用地识别结果进行补充校验,根据政策和规划文件建立功能用地与主体功能区之间的关联,利用信息熵分析广州市功能用地混合程度,以辅助判别主体功能区,最终得到广州市主体功能区划分结果。将划分结果与《广州市主体功能区规划（2008—2020年）》和《广州市城市总体规划（2017—2035年）》草案对比验证,结果表明文章所提出的方法精准度较高,并能体现广州市空间格局形态,反映主体功能区实际分布情况。  相似文献   

功能疏解背景下京津冀中部核心区产业投资网络演化研究     

刘骁啸  吴康 《地理科学进展》2020,39(12):1972-1984

非首都功能疏解作为京津冀协同发展战略的核心,对解决北京大城市病、实现京津冀可持续发展具有重要意义。论文构建了一个“四位一体”的产业投资网络演化分析框架,以京津冀中部核心区为研究对象,利用工商企业投资大数据测度了非首都功能的3类重点行业在2010、2014、2018年的资本流动特征,并从“节点—路径—格局”3个层面分析了功能疏解背景下产业投资网络演化过程。研究结果表明,非首都功能疏解背景下,北京市各行业对外投资增强,投资集聚中心逐渐向外围转移,但不同行业演化格局存在差异。制造业呈现由邻近扩散向等级扩散转变的演化路径,并向着多中心格局发展;批发零售业在资本净流动层面显示出扩散特征,在骨干路径层面呈现集聚现象,分布格局由北京单极放射状向京津双核联动演化;交通运输仓储和物流业向郊区物流园区所在地集聚,但网络整体发育滞后。研究结果能够为科学认识首都功能疏解情况、了解中部核心区产业结构及产业发展的变动态势提供参考。  相似文献   

地理大数据挖掘——目标、内涵与研究问题     

裴韬  宋辞  郭思慧  舒华  刘亚溪  杜云艳  马廷  周成虎 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(2):251-266

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Identifying primary public transit corridors using multi-source big transit data     

Tong Zhang  Yicong Li  Hui Yang  Chenrong Cui  Jing Li  Qinghua Qiao 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(6):1137-1161

ABSTRACT

Effective public transit planning needs to address realistic travel demands, which can be illustrated by corridors across major residential areas and activity centers. It is vital to identify public transit corridors that contain the most significant transit travel demand patterns. We propose a two-stage approach to discover primary public transit corridors at high spatio-temporal resolutions using massive real-world smart card and bus trajectory data, which manifest rich transit demand patterns over space and time. The first stage was to reconstruct chained trips for individual passengers using multi-source massive public transit data. In the second stage, a shared-flow clustering algorithm was developed to identify public transit corridors based on reconstructed individual transit trips. The proposed approach was evaluated using transit data collected in Shenzhen, China. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach is a practical tool for extracting time-varying corridors for many potential applications, such as transit planning and management.  相似文献   

Pedestrian network generation based on crowdsourced tracking data     

Xue Yang  Chang Ren  Yang Chen  Zhong Xie  Qingquan Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(5):1051-1074

ABSTRACT

Pedestrian networks play an important role in various applications, such as pedestrian navigation services and mobility modeling. This paper presents a novel method to extract pedestrian networks from crowdsourced tracking data based on a two-layer framework. This framework includes a walking pattern classification layer and a pedestrian network generation layer. In the first layer, we propose a multi-scale fractal dimension (MFD) algorithm in order to recognize the two different types of walking patterns: walking with a clear destination (WCD) or walking without a clear destination (WOCD). In the second layer, we generate the pedestrian network by combining the pedestrian regions and pedestrian paths. The pedestrian regions are extracted based on a modified connected component analysis (CCA) algorithm from the WOCD traces. We generate the pedestrian paths using a kernel density estimation (KDE)-based point clustering algorithm from the WCD traces. The pedestrian network generation results using two actual crowdsourced datasets show that the proposed method has good performance in both geometrical correctness and topological correctness.  相似文献   

An overview of clustering methods for geo-referenced time series: from one-way clustering to co- and tri-clustering     

Xiaojing Wu  Raul Zurita-Milla  Changqing Song 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(9):1822-1848

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基于开放大数据的广州市中心城区职住平衡特征研究     

林勋媛  王广兴  胡月明 《热带地理》2020,40(2):254-265

以广州市中心城区为例,借助百度热力图、百度实时路况和百度地图POI数据,从中观层面多角度综合分析广州市中心城区就业与居住的空间分布关系。结果显示：1）工作时间段人口聚集的高值区整体呈带状分布,斑块较为细碎,但绝大部分集中在核心地带;人口主要高度集中于各区的商业繁华地段与交通线路周围。而休息时间段的高值区则相对集中分布,用地效率较高,表现出多中心的圈层结构;人口主要高度集中分布在传统的老城居住区和新开发的商业住宅区,与核心商圈相对错开。2）不管是在上班时段还是休息时段,人口聚集程度越高的地区,POI设施密度表现越显著;这意味着人口的聚集具有一定的选择性,主要集中在城市基础设施发展较完备的区域。3）广州市中心城区各街道的职住比介于0.73~1.54,职住相对平衡,区域之间差异较小。其中,分值较高的街道多分布于核心地带（主要集中在越秀区、荔湾区北部和天河区南部）,分值较低的街道多分布于核心地带的外围或边缘地区（主要在海珠区、荔湾区和白云区零散分布）。4）从城市交通响应上看,广州市中心城区工作日内早高峰的拥堵度大于晚高峰,但总体路况变化跨度不大,区内并没有出现特别严重的“潮汐通勤”现象。  相似文献   

面向ResearchGate的古气候文献数据采集系统的研制与应用测评     

张学珍  尹君  白孟鑫  李艳波  郑景云 《地理科学进展》2020,39(7):1140-1148

论文基于Linux平台,利用Python(V3.6)和MySQL(V5.7),开发了一套“面向ResearchGate的古气候文献数据采集系统”;并且通过人工判读从全球古气候资料共享网(https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov)数据库中遴选出1450篇古气候重建论文,对关键词进行了分类汇总,初步构建了用于古气候文献检索的关键词表。依据这一关键词表,利用古气候文献数据采集系统,从ResearchGate数据库中进行了文献检索。针对来自ResearchGate的32493篇文献和来自NCDC的1450篇文献,通过时间尺度、代用资料类型、气象要素、研究地区(国家)4个维度关键词词频的对比分析,发现2套文献数据关键词词频的相对差异基本一致。这表明依据初步构建的关键词表,自ResearchGate检索获取的古气候重建文献是有效的,能反映古气候重建研究现状。如此庞大数量的研究论文为下一步收集未被NCDC收录的古气候重建结果提供了丰富的数据源。“面向ResearchGate的古气候文献数据采集系统”达到了预期设计目标。  相似文献